FACTORS AFFECTING UNDERACHIEVEMENT

A number of factors must be examined to understand how and why gifted minority students underachieve. Sociopsychological, family, and school factors should all be considered. Sociopsychological Factors and Underachievement Poor self-esteem and low academic and social self-concepts contribute significantly to poor student achievement.

Family-Related Factors and Underachievement-Few studies have explored the influence of family variables on the achievement of gifted minority students. VanTassel-Baska (1989) focused on the role of families in the lives of 15 low socioeconomic status (SES) gifted students, eight of whom were Black, and many living in single-parent families.

School-Related Factors and Underachievement-Numerous factors in schools can influence the achievement of gifted minority students. For example, in a study of gifted Black achievers and underachievers (Ford, 1995), underachievers reported (a) less positive teacher-student relations, (b) having too little time to understand the material, (c) a less supportive classroom climate, and (d) being unmotivated and disinterested in school. Underachievers also expressed more concerns regarding the lack of attention to multicultural education in their classes, which contributed to their lack of interest in school.

Excessive use of competition can also hinder students’ achievement, damaging academic motivation and special needs education engagement. Given the more social and less competitive nature of minority students (e.g., Hale-Benson, 1986), competition can heighten students’ anxieties, lower their achievement motivation, and lower their academic and social self-concepts.

Disability & Special Needs Threads

Many people with ABI or other PwDs can’t afford technology. Period. Perhaps businesses should consider donating technology to PwDs, or developing other creative solutions in special needs education. If you or your company has any thoughts about this, please communicate them to the ABI audience.

Individual limitations are a consideration. BI people individually have very their capabilities. Neurological issues may interfere with effective technology use. For example, I have an “acquired” spasticity. When using a mouse, my fingers often click the mouse involuntarily, typically at most inopportune times. Too, I’m lost without spell checkers. My fingers frequently misfire, even though my brain knows the correct spelling. And, my symptoms are minor, compared to other BI individuals. Not every ABI individual can use out-of-the-shrink-wrap technology, due to their medical problems.

Last, there are the multiple issues of computer literacy, techno fright, education and training. I use the technology because I’m familiar and comfortable with it. Others aren’t. Generationally, there are issues around “techno fright,” or fear of technology. Younger generations have the technological edge, since it’s generally part of early educational experiences. Older generations may be — and often are — scared of computer technology. Individuals with techno fright lack both depth and breadth of knowledge. Minimal computer literacy suggests superficial knowledge. A BI individual may have superficial knowledge, i.e., “computer literacy” with a word processor, but lack the education and training required for PIM/PAB operation.

UN Standard Rules on Disability

Even in the disability community, it is not well known that in 1993 the United Nations endorsed a set of principles about the human rights and appropriate treatment of people with disabilities Called “the standard rules on disability,” the resolution, while not binding on member countries, is a significant mechanism for promoting voluntary implementation of enlightened policy toward disabled citizens of the world.  I encourage folks around the globe to circulate these guidelines, monitor their implementation, and advocate their adoption.

The purpose of the Rules is to ensure that girls, boys, women and men with disabilities, as members of their societies, may exercise the same rights and obligations as others. In all societies of the world there are still obstacles preventing persons with disabilities from exercising their rights and freedoms and making it difficult for them to participate fully in the activities of their societies. The equalization of opportunities for persons with disabilities is an essential contribution in the general and worldwide effort to mobilize human resources. Special attention may need to be directed towards groups such as women, children, the elderly, the poor, migrant workers, persons with dual or multiple disabilities, indigenous people and ethnic minorities. In addition, there are a large number of refugees
with disabilities is provided with special needs education

Full Inclusion and the LRE

Full inclusion for all students with disabilities is becoming a much debated issue among parents, teachers, administrators, and others involved in the field of education. The majority of literature available to date reveals that authors have strong feelings for and against full inclusion for all students with disabilities. This paper will provide some background for the inclusion model, with information on the many definitions for and levels of including a student with disabilities in the general education mainstream. This author believes full inclusion for a particular student should be determined appropriate through an individualized review by a multidisciplinary team striving to meet all of the student’s programming needs, rather than a broad-based district policy, which goes against the least restrictive environment provision in the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), requiring availability of a continuum of service delivery models.

Various definitions of inclusion have surfaced. At one end of the spectrum, inclusion means that a student with disabilities spends the entire day with general education peers, in the general education classroom ith special needs education resources and instruction infused into the general education classroom. “Inclusion involves keeping special education students in regular education classrooms and bringing the support services to the child, rather first, many believe inclusion has a legal base in the great majority of court cases that have not upheld the traditional practices of segregating students with special educational needs. “In several of the most recent cases, the courts deviated from previous case law and began to tip the scales in favor of inclusive programming for students with severe disabilities.

SUGGESTIONS FOR PREVENTING AND REVERSING UNDERACHIEVEMENT

Student underachievement is a complex and persistent problem. Reversing underachievement among gifted minority students requires intensive efforts on the part of teachers and counselors, as well as a partnership with parents and students. For optimal effects, teachers and counselors must tailor interventions to students’ special needs education. Interventions for gifted minority students must consider social-psychological, family, peer, and school factors. Interventions must (a) ensure that definitions of underachievement are both qualitative and quantitative, and that measures are valid and reliable; (b) enhance self-perceptions, self-esteem, self-concept (academic and social), and racial identity; (c) improve students’ skills in studying, time management, organization, and taking tests; (d) involve family members as partners in the educational process; and (e) address school-related factors, including providing teachers and counselors with gifted and multicultural training to meet both the academic and affective needs of gifted minority students.

This training should include strategies for improving student-teacher relations, teacher expectations, and the classroom climate. Just as important, school-related interventions must focus on curricular and instructional modifications so that optimal learning and engagement are possible. To prevent or reverse underachievement, schools will need to provide supportive strategies, intrinsic strategies, and remedial strategies. The strategies include accommodations to students’ learning styles, focusing on students’ interests, and affirming students as individuals with special needs and concerns.

The Autism Epidemic

According to a research study commissioned by MAT (Medicine for Autism Today), the increase in special needs children has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Their findings indicate that the special needs population is growing at three times the rate of the general population. This means that approximately six million children between the ages of five and nineteen will be in need of special needs education assistance.

Of this increase, Autism is the fastest growing population, growing at over nine hundred percent (900%) since 1992, according to data collected from the U.S. Department of Education. If we view the increase in Autism as we would the increase in any other disease process, it certainly deserves to be called an epidemic. Think about it! If there were a 900% increase in the incidence of mosquito borne malaria or meningitis or influenza, the Centers for Disease Control would label it an epidemic and pour their entire resources into finding a cause. With Autism, however, this has not been the case.

According to Dr. Michael Goldberg, M.D., President of the Neuro Immune Dysfunction Syndrome Research Institute (NIDS) and a faculty member at the UCLA School of Medicine, “It is time to focus attention and funding on what can only be called an epidemic.” Dr. Goldberg goes on to point out that, “If Autism were purely behavioral or genetic, we would not be witnessing this dramatic rise in the number of cases.” His reasoning is perfectly logical, and while some in the scientific and medical community fail to recognize it as valid, more and more researchers are validating his ideas through their own research. As Dr. Goldberg says, “It is scientifically impossible to have an epidemic of a developmental or genetic disorder of any type. Clearly something is very wrong here.”

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DISABILITY ENDOWMENT FUND

Most of the private schools that we have contacted indicate that they are not equipped for any “extra-special” needs, however, some have indicated that if the child is able to maintain in the typical environment, then they would consider placement.  No school that I have contacted has indicated that they would accept special needs children if only they had enough funding and no school has indicated that they are considering adding special needs education.

‘m curious about this as I have not found many private schools that will accept children with DS regardless of how well funded they are. My daughter did attend a private Christian pre- school/kindergarten and there is a small private Christian elementary school in the area that would consider her. However, it appears that the older the child becomes, the fewer choices there are. Public school since I just could not find an adequate private school that would accept her regardless of how much I was willing to pay.  Not that the current predicament is adequate.

Special Ed for Handicapped

Cody was the first baby born in this country with Lyme disease.  (Debbie contracted it while pregnant.)  The doctors didn’t think he’d live, and even now he’s severely mentally and physically handicapped.  He’s recently learned to sit up, and can sort of scoot around the house, but can’t crawl. He can understand some words, but hasn’t said his first word yet.  His most recent trick is figuring out that he can turn the TV on and off– and will turn it off if Debbie tries to watch anything other than country music

Anyway, the school system is offering no physical therapy and is talking about having Cody sit in a room with 27 other students who all have a grasp of the language, can walk and run, etc. without providing any special needs education program for him– they’re saying something about “least restrictive environment”, but I would guess that the least restrictive environment would be the one which most facilitated his learning!  Debbie (and I and everyone else who knows Cody) is pretty convinced that he’s going to get almost nothing out of this, and she’s desperately searching for help.

You school system is obligated by law to educate your nephew. This means that if they can’t provide a suitable environment for him within the public schools, the town school system MUST pay for private school for this child.  Tell them to hire a lawyer immediately and ensure that this child gets the education that is right for him.  He doesn’t sound like a child that should be mainstreamed right now.

Tips for the Blind and Visually Impaired

As an instructor, I would have absolutely *no* idea how to proceed in teaching a non-sighted person, especially a manual art like wood working. My teaching is about 90% visual, with most of the spoken instruction pertaining to the things I’m illustrating. I can’t even begin to imagine how to explain the use of a dovetail jig (as an example) to someone who couldn’t see the parts and what I was doing. I’m afraid that I’d be forced to tell you “I simply have no way to accommodate you in this class so that you would learn anything of substance.” In terms of safety I suspect that being blind is less of a problem than being deaf. I worked in a restaurant with a deaf dishwasher. He did a great job, except he was always getting burned because the cooks would toss a hot pan into the dish-room and holler”hot pan!” just like they did with the other dishwasher. Unfortunately he didn’t hear the warnings and a hot pan looks just like a cold one. Different handicaps require some different handling.

I’m not certain exactly what I would do if I had to make the call like Woodcraft did. I would definitely, given my knowledge and experience right now, refuse to have a blind person in the class. I might learn how to teach them, or I might find someone who can, but until someone was qualified to do it I would not allow them in.

it is quite Unreasonable to expect some local woodworker (the types who teach classes at most Woodcraft stores) to be able to make exceptions and accommodations to their little class when they have not been trained in Special Needs education and the facility is not properly equipped. To say that I and others should lose our ability to participate in these kinds of activities because of your unfortunate circumstances is pretty unfair on your part. I also do not think that the law would require all mountain climbing classes to accommodate paraplegics or all flight schools to teach blind pilots. Further, while you may believe (or know) that you can be safe in such a class that local woodworker doesn’t and I am sure that if you cut off your arm (or someone else’s) that Woodcraft and that local woodworker would be in court trying to keep the punitive damages at less than a million or two.

THE PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PWD) ACT

The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) act, 1995 had come into enforcement on February 7, 1996. It is a significant step which ensures equal opportunities for the people with disabilities and their full participation in the nation building. The Act provides for both the preventive and promotional aspects of rehabilitation like special needs  education, employment and vocational training, reservation, research and manpower development, creation of barrier – free environment, rehabilitation of persons with disability, unemployment allowance for the disabled, special insurance scheme for  the disabled employees and establishment of homes for persons with severe disability etc.this also says Parents may mover to an appropriate forum for the re-addressal of grievances regarding the placement of their children with disabilities.

In case of violation of the rights as prescribed in this act, people with disabilities a may move an application to the Article 45 of the Constitution directs the State to provide free and compulsory  education for all children (including the disabled) until they attain the age of 14 years. No child can be denied admission into any education institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds on the ground of religion, race, Cast or language.